• Renal Ultrasound: 

A painless scan that uses sound waves to show kidney size, structure, and any stones, cysts, or blockages, usually the first imaging test ordered. 

• CT Scan (KUB): 

Used when ultrasound findings need a closer look, giving detailed cross-sectional images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. 

• Kidney Biopsy: 

A tissue sample taken under imaging guidance when the exact cause of kidney disease needs laboratory confirmation.