• Urine Routine and Microscopy: 

Checks a urine sample for protein, blood, and signs of infection. Protein in the urine often points to early kidney damage, while blood can suggest stones or other issues. 

• 24-Hour Urine Protein: 

Measures total protein lost through urine over a full day, giving a more complete picture of kidney damage than a single sample. 

• Urine Culture: 

Identifies the specific bacteria behind a urinary or kidney infection, so treatment can be targeted rather than general.